A Little Soap and Water
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Dave Fleischer, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, U.S.A., 1935
Producer(s): Max Fleischer Adolph Zukor Dave Copeland
Release Date: 21/06/1935
"Betty Boop tries to give her dog, Pudgy, a bath, but Pudgy has other ideas."
Acrobatty Bunny
Filed under: animation, Animation Series, Bugs Bunny, Color, Looney Tunes, U.S.A., Warner Bros., 1946
Producer(s): Edward Selzer
Release Date: 29/06/1946
"When the circus arrives they put the lion's cage right over Bugs' rabbit hole."
Ann “Little” Rothschild
Filed under: people, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Dave Fleischer, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, U.S.A., Actor, Voice Actor
"Ann L. Rothschild, better known as Little Ann Little, started in show business in 1925 as a part of the Greenwich Village Follies. In the early 1930s, she auditioned for the part of a new cartoon character at Fleischer Studios. Impressed by her high-..."
Ballot Box Bunny
Filed under: animation, 1950s, Bugs Bunny, Merrie Melodies, Technicolor, U.S.A., Warner Bros., 1951
Producer(s): Edward Selzer
Release Date: 06/10/1951
"A political Warner Bros. cartoon in which Yosemite Sam runs a violent campaign for mayor against his challenger Bugs Bunny."
Bea Benaderet
Filed under: people, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, Bugs Bunny, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, U.S.A., Warner Bros., Actor, Voice Actor
"Born in New York City to a Turkish-Sephardic tobacconist and an Irish-American woman, Bea Benaderet made a name for herself in the first half of the twentieth century displaying her vocal and comedic talents in animation, radio, television, and film...."
Bedtime
Filed under: animation, 1920s, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Koko the Clown, Silent, U.S.A., 1923
Producer(s): Max Fleischer Alfred Weiss
Release Date: 01/12/1923
"Max Fleischer leaves his creation Koko the Clown stranded on a mountain top so he can get some sleep. Koko gets off the mountain and searches for Fleischer, terrorizing New York (he's grown in size at this point) in the process. The very interesting ..."
Betty Boop for President
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, U.S.A., 1932
Producer(s): Max Fleischer
Release Date: 04/11/1932
"Betty Boop runs a wildly popular presidential campaign against the despised Mr. Nobody."
Burt Gillett
Filed under: people, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, Felix the Cat, Mickey Mouse, Rainbow Parade, Silly Symphonies, Technicolor, Ub Iwerks, Van Beuren Corporation, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Walter Lantz Productions, Animation Supervisor, Animator, Director
"Burt Gillett was one of the first novice animators to come to Walt Disney Studios and work alongside Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. He took a number of important directorial positions at the studio, directing a few of Disney's most important early animat..."
Carl Barks
Filed under: people, Donald Duck, U.S.A., Walt Disney, Animator, Cartoonist, Storyboard Artist, Storyman
"Carl Barks was an American cartoonist who was most well-known for drawing Donald Duck as well as creating the iconic character of Scrooge McDuck. "
Charles B. Mintz
Filed under: people, Krazy Kat, U.S.A., Producer
"Mintz got his start as a producer of animation after his marriage to Margaret J. Winkler of Winkler Pictures. The company produced over 370 cartoon shorts between 1925-1939. The Columbia cartoon producer studied at St. Lawrence University and started..."
Chuck Jones
Filed under: people, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Looney Tunes, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Porky Pig, Tom and Jerry, U.S.A., Warner Bros., Animator, Director
"Chuck Jones was a 14 time Oscar nominee who created over 300 hundred animated films, including some of Warner Bros. most memorable cartoon characters, as well as producing many television specials, and full-length features."
Clayton “Bud” Collyer
Filed under: people, Dave Fleischer, Max Fleischer, Superman, Technicolor, U.S.A., Actor, Voice Actor
"Born in Manhattan to Clayton Johnson Heermance and Caroline Collyer as Clayton Johnson Heermance Jr., Clayton "Bud" Collyer initially intended to pursue law as his profession. While attending Fordham University, he began work as a radio singer and an..."
Daffy the Commando
Filed under: animation, 1940s, Daffy Duck, Leon Schlesinger Studios, Looney Tunes, Propaganda, U.S.A., Warner Bros., World War 2 ( WW2 ), 1943
Producer(s): Leon Schlesinger
Release Date: 20/11/1943
"Daffy Duck parachutes onto a German base in WW2 and torments some Nazis. As he is shot by a cannon, he flies over (whilst holding two American flags, none the less) to a Nazi rally, and smacks Hitler with a hammer. Elements of propaganda abound, but ..."
Dick Huemer
Filed under: people, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Koko the Clown, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios
"An animator during the golden age of animation, Huemer worked for the Disney organization from 1933-1973, an impressive 50 years. Alongside his working partner Joe Grant, Huemer helped create some of the most compelling and memorable animations durin..."
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse
Filed under: animation, 1940s, Color, Hanna-Barbera Studios, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Tom and Jerry, Tom and Jerry, U.S.A., 1947
Producer(s): William Hanna Fred Quimby
Release Date: 14/06/1947
"A Tom and Jerry cartoon, riffing off of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in which Tom concocts a deadly potion but finds that it only makes Jerry stronger."
Excerpt from Destination Moon
Filed under: animation, 1950s, George Pal, Technicolor, U.S.A., Woody Woodpecker, 1950
Producer(s): George Pal
Release Date: 27/06/1950
"In this excerpt from the film Destination Moon (1950), the physics of rockets and space travel are explained with the iconic cartoon character Woody Woodpecker. "
Feline Follies
Filed under: animation, 1910s, Felix the Cat, Pat Sullivan Cartoons, U.S.A., 1919
Producer(s): Pat Sullivan
Release Date: 01/09/1919
"Master Tom (who would later be renamed Felix the Cat) falls in love with Miss Kitty White. While he is out romancing her, mice create a mess. Master Tom is thrown out due to his ineffective pest control. When he returns to Miss Kitty White he finds a..."
Felix the Cat – Felix the Ghost-Breaker
Filed under: animation, 1920s, Felix the Cat, Pat Sullivan Cartoons, U.S.A., 1923
Producer(s): Patrick (Pat) Sullivan
Release Date: 01/01/1923
"Felix (the cat) is trying to sleep in a graveyard, but a ghost keeps waking him up. The ghost escapes to a nearby farm and terrorizes the old farmer. When Felix chases after the ghost, suspecting something fishy is going on, he helps the farmer as a ..."
Ferdinand Horvath
Filed under: people, Aesop's Fables, Color, Columbia Pictures, Early Sound, George Pal, Krazy Kat, Mickey Mouse, Painted Animation, Paul Terry, Puppetoons, Silly Symphonies, Technicolor, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Animation Designer, Animator, Background Artist, Character Designer, Illustrator, Layout Artist, Storyboard Artist
"Ferdinand Horvath was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1891. Horvath was an animator and illustrator at various major animation studios such as Fable Studios, Inc., Walt Disney, and Screen Gems (Columbia Pictures) Horvath died of a stroke on Novem..."
Hamilton (Ham) Luske
Filed under: people, Color, Educational films, Mickey Mouse, Painted Animation, Silly Symphonies, Technicolor, Training films, U.S.A., Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Animation Designer, Animation Supervisor, Animator, Director, Editorial Cartoonist, Producer, Sequence Animator
"Hamilton Luske was born in Chicago on October 16, 1903. He was an animator, animation supervisor, film director, and producer at Walt Disney for several commercial feature and short-length projects at the studio, as well as working on some of Disn..."
International Film Service
Filed under: studio, 1910s, 1920s, Krazy Kat, Silent, U.S.A., 1915
"A subsidiary of William Randolph Hearst's International News Service, IFS was created to translate popular comic strips of the day into cartoons, making them into "living comic strips", and intended to boost paper sales. Following the successes of hi..."
Irv Spence
Filed under: people, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Tom and Jerry, Ub Iwerks, Animator, Cartoonist
"Irv Spence was an American animator, sometimes credited as Irven or even Irvin Spence. Spence was best known for his work on MGM’s famous Tom and Jerry, cat and mouse series, but got his start in this month’s featured cartoon working for Ub Iwer..."
Jack Mercer
Filed under: people, Popeye, U.S.A., Voice Actor
"Jack Mercer was born on January 31, 1910. Mercer today is known as the most iconic voice of Popeye. He was an in-betweener at Fleischer before auditioning for the voice of Popeye, ultimately landing the role and recording the voice for the televis..."
John Nelson (Jack) Carey
Filed under: people, Bob Clampett, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Leon Schlesinger Studios, Looney Tunes, Porky Pig, Warner Bros., Winnie the Pooh, Woody Woodpecker, Animator
"Carey's entire career in the field of animation is associated with Leon Schlesinger Productions/Warner Bros. Cartoons, where he started in 1935 as in-betweener and assistant animator for Looney Tunes, and Merrie Melodies. After two years at the studi..."
Joseph (Joe) Oriolo
Filed under: people, Casper the Ghost, Felix the Cat, Animator, Cartoonist
"Oriolo was a cartoon animator who was born in Union City in 1913. He created the famed Casper the Friendly Ghost character, and directed more than one thousand cartoons, including the first syndicated television series of Felix the Cat. "
Ko-Ko Trains ‘Em
Filed under: animation, 1920s, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Koko the Clown, Silent, U.S.A., 1925
Producer(s): Max Fleischer Alfred Weiss
Release Date: 09/05/1925
"Ko-Ko becomes jealous of Max's attention to his young ward and her dog, and tries to create a circus by training animals, then fleas."
Koko’s Earth Control
Filed under: animation, Koko the Clown, 1928
Producer(s): Alfred Weiss Max Fleischer
Release Date: 31/03/1928
""Koko the Clown and his dog Fitz walk into a building where levers that control various aspects of the Earth are located. After Fitz presses a particular lever, the world goes topsy-turvy and out-of-control.""
Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse at the Circus
Filed under: animation, 1910s, Animated film history and criticism, Krazy Kat, Silent, U.S.A., 1916
Producer(s): William Randolph Hearst
Release Date: 17/03/1916
"While at the circus, Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse enter into a rivalry over whether cats or mice are braver."
Krazy Kat Goes A-Wooing
Filed under: animation, 1910s, Early Sound, Krazy Kat, U.S.A., Vitagraph Studios, 1916
Release Date: 29/02/1916
Laverne Harding
Filed under: people, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, Color, Daffy Duck, Early Sound, Hanna-Barbera Studios, Joe Barbera, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, Oswald, Speedy Gonzales, Technicolor, The Road Runner, U.S.A., Walter Lantz, Walter Lantz Productions, Warner Bros., Woody Woodpecker, Animator, Cartoonist, Comic Strip Artist
"Laverne Harding was the second female studio animator in history, and one of the first to receive onscreen credit for her work. She started out as an inker for the Walter Lantz Productions, moving on to do animation work for several of the Lantz Prod..."
Leon Searl
Filed under: people, 1900s, 1910s, Krazy Kat, Silent, U.S.A., Animator, Cartoonist, Comic Strip Artist
"Leon Searl (whose name is alternatively spelt "Leon Searle") got his start as a newspaper cartoonist, first working for the Pulitzer Papers on the comic strip "Jimmy Johnnypants" from November of 1905 to February of 1906. He later went on to write at..."
Let’s Celebrake!
Filed under: animation, Early Sound, Popeye, U.S.A., 1938
Producer(s): Max Fleischer
Release Date: 1938
""Popeye invites Olive's grandmother along for a New Year's Eve party.""
Lillian Friedman Astor
Filed under: people, 1930s, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Color, Dave Fleischer, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, Popeye, U.S.A., Animator
"Lillian Friedman Astor was born in New York City. She developed a passion for drawing as a preteen, and went on to attend Washington Irving High School, focusing on fashion design. After a brief stint as a fashion designer upon graduation, she sought..."
Margaret Mintz nee Winkler
Filed under: people, 1910s, 1920s, Oswald, Pat Sullivan Cartoons, Universal Studios, Walt Disney Studios, Warner Bros., Animator, Producer
"A crucial figure in the history of the American animation industry, Margaret Winkler was the first woman to produce and distribute animated films, including early works of the Dave and
Max Fleischer
Filed under: people, Aesop's Fables, Betty Boop, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Koko the Clown, Max Fleischer, Popeye, Rotoscope, Silent, Superman, U.S.A., Cartoonist, Director, Photographer, Producer, Writer
"Max Fleischer was an American inventor born in Hungary, who moved to the United States with his family at the age of 4 and later became a filmmaker, animator, director and producer, famous for serving as the head of his own animation studio, Fleisch..."
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio
Filed under: studio, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, Barney Bear, Bill Hanna, Bosko, Droopy, Hanna-Barbera Studios, Joe Barbera, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Tom and Jerry, U.S.A., Ub Iwerks, 1929
"Active from 1929 to 1957, MGM produced some of the most well-known and well-liked cartoons syndicated all over the world, featuring characters such as Barney Bear, Droopy, and the now-iconic Tom and Jerry. MGM's first foray into animation was thr..."
Michael Lah
Filed under: people, Barney Bear, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, U.S.A., Animator, Director
"Michael Lah was a noted MGM animator and director, as well as being the understudy of Tex Avery. Lah helped redesign the well-known Barney Bear character, and directed many screwball cartoons, including one that garnered him an Academy Award nomina..."
Michael Maltese
Filed under: people, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, Looney Tunes, Tasmanian Devil, U.S.A., Warner Bros., Writer
"Born in New York City to Italian immigrants, Michael Maltese studied at the National Academy of Art and Design, before landing his first animation job working as a colourist for Betty Boop cartoons, in 1935. He and his wife, Florence Sass, later move..."
Milton (Milt) Kahl
Filed under: people, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, Color, Goofy, Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, U.S.A., Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Winnie the Pooh, Animation Supervisor, Animator, Director
"Milt Kahl was an renown animator and director who was a part of Disney's group of “Nine Old Men”, who created and designed many Disney characters, and whose distinctive style had a large influence within the history of the studio. "
Motor Mania
Filed under: animation, 1950s, Goofy, U.S.A., Walt Disney Studios, 1950
Producer(s): Walt Disney
Release Date: 30/06/1950
"In this Goofy cartoon from the 50's, a Jekyll and Hyde dynamic illustrates how Mr. Walker, who is friendly and normally mild tempered turns into Mr. Wheeler, a crazed maniac who experiences road rage when behind the wheel of an automobile. An intere..."
Oswald – All Wet
Filed under: animation, 1920s, Oswald, Silent, U.S.A., Universal Studios, 1927
Producer(s): Charles Mintz George Winkler
Release Date: 31/10/1927
"Oswald has a hotdog stand that is plagued by mice. He closes the stand to pursue Fanny romantically. After Fanny rejects Oswald's advances, he bribes a lifeguard to let him take over in order that Oswald can impress Fanny. After Fanny notices Oswald ..."
Otto Messmer
Filed under: people, 1910s, 1920s, Early Sound, Felix the Cat, Noveltoons, Pat Sullivan Cartoons, Silent, U.S.A.
"Messmer was a legendary American cartoonist and animator, who was best know as the creator of Felix the Cat, who is considered the first major cartoon star."
Out of the Inkwell Films/Fleischer Studios
Filed under: studio, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Color, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Koko the Clown, Musical, Paramount Pictures, Popeye, Rotoscope, Silent, Superman, Technicolor, U.S.A., 1921
"Out of the Inkwell Films, renamed Fleischer Studios in 1929, was founded by brothers- Dave and Max Fleischer, in 1921. The Fleischers' studio was one of the most influential and successful animation studios in the silent era as well as in the Golden ..."
Paramount Cartoon Studios/Famous Studios
Filed under: studio, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, Al Eugster, Animation Series, Baby Huey, Betty Boop, Carl Meyer, Cartoon Characters, Casper the Ghost, Color, Dave Fleischer, David Tendlar, Felix the Cat, Herman and Katnip, Howard Post, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Isadore Sparber, Jack Mercer, Koko the Clown, Little Audrey, Little Lulu, Max Fleischer, Noveltoons, Paramount Pictures, Popeye, Ralph Bakshi, Sam Buchwald, Seymour Kneitel, Shamus Culhane, Superman, Technicolor, Tom Johnson, U.S.A.
"Famous Studios, renamed Paramount Cartoon Studios in 1956, was the animation division of Paramount Pictures. The studio was formed in 1942 after Paramount took over Fleischer Studios in 1941, when the Fleischer brothers were not able to repay their..."
Pat Sullivan
Filed under: people, 1910s, 1920s, Felix the Cat, Pat Sullivan Cartoons, Silent, U.K., U.S.A., Animator, Producer
"Pat Sullivan was born in 1885 as Patrick Peter O’Sullivan in a working-class suburb of Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Pat is best known for producing the Felix the Cat cartoons. There has been controversy surrounding who crea..."
Patrick Anthony (Pat) Powers
Filed under: people, 1920s, 1930s, Early Sound, Iwerks Studio, Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, Technicolor, U.S.A., Ub Iwerks, Universal Studios, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Businessman, President, Producer, Studio Head
"Pat Powers was an influential American businessman who was involved with the film and animation developments inAmericaduring the first part of the twentieth century. His most important development being the work of Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, who he b..."
Paul Julian
Filed under: people, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Looney Tunes, Sylvester Jr., Warner Bros., Artist, Background Artist
"Paul Julian was an American background and layout artist, art director and production designer whose work is best known in Warner Bros. classic Looney Tunes cartoons. He worked primar..."
Popeye the Sailor
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Paramount Pictures, Popeye, U.S.A., 1933
Producer(s): Max Fleischer
Release Date: 14/07/1933
"This Popeye The Sailor cartoon features Betty Boop, as well as a live action intro featuring Popeye on the cover of a real newspaper. In this cartoon short Olive and Popeye go to the fun fare, and play games in attempt to win prizes, only to be usu..."
Popeye the Sailor: Seasin’s Greetinks!
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Dave Fleischer, Early Sound, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, Musical, Popeye, U.S.A., 1933
Producer(s): Max Fleischer
Release Date: 17/12/1933
"Popeye and Olive Oyl go for a skate on a chilly winter day. Bluto tries to spoil their fun, but of course he's no match for Popeye and his spinach. "
Porky’s Romance
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Looney Tunes, Porky Pig, U.S.A., 1937
Producer(s): Leon Schlesinger
Release Date: 03/04/1937
"Porky attempts to woo Petunia with flowers and candy. Though she initially spurns him, she invites him in when she sees the chocolate. Porky proposes to her, only to be cruelly rejected. He attempts to hang himself, only for the branch to break under..."
Professor Balthazar – Izumitelj cipela/The Inventor of Shoes
Filed under: animation, 1960s, Color, Professor Balthazar, Technicolor, Yugoslavia (Croatia), Zagreb Film, 1967
Producer(s): B. Šicar
Release Date: 15/05/1967
"The episode begins by the narrator juggling back and forth on which of two stories he should tell: that of a long camel, or a creature named "Double Bertie," before abandoning both to tell a third: the story of an eccentric inventor named Professor B..."
Raymond “Ray” Patterson
Filed under: people, Barney Bear, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Tom and Jerry, U.S.A., Animator, Cartoonist, Producer
"Ray Patterson was an Emmy nominated animator, cartoon director, producer, most noted for his work in the 40's during the “golden age” of animation on the legendary Tom and Jerry cartoon series, as well as animating with
Richard “Dick” Lundy
Filed under: people, Barney Bear, Bill Hanna, Donald Duck, Hanna-Barbera Studios, Joe Barbera, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, U.S.A., Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Woody Woodpecker
"Dick Lundy was an animator and director, associated with several studios, including Disney, MGM and
Robert “Bob” McKimson
Filed under: people, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, Speedy Gonzales, Sylvester Jr., Tasmanian Devil, U.S.A., Warner Bros., Animator
"Bob McKimson was one of the most-underrated and overlooked animators who worked at Warner Bros. during the golden age of animation. He directed many Academy Award-nominated shorts as a part of Looney Tunes and Merry Melodies series, creating cha..."
Robert Fred “Freddie” Moore
Filed under: people, 1930s, 1940s, Looney Tunes, Mickey Mouse, U.S.A., Ub Iwerks, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Studios, Walter Lantz, Walter Lantz Productions, Woody Woodpecker, Animator, Artist, Character Designer
"Freddie Moore was a highly influential animator with Walt Disney Productions in a crucial era of its development during the 30s, up until the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937) and the establishment of the core group of animators k..."
Rudy Ising
Filed under: people, Bosko, Early Sound, Looney Tunes, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, U.S.A., Walt Disney, Warner Bros., Animator
"Ising began his animation career first working for Walt Disney, and was the lifelong business partner of Hugh Harman, producing Oscar-win..."
Sammy Timberg
Filed under: people, 1930s, 1940s, Betty Boop series, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Music, Superman, U.S.A., Composer
"Sammy Timberg was the musical director for Fleischer Studios and one of the most important composers of music in the history of American cartoons. Although Timberg had a long career that began in vaudeville in the 1910s, Timberg is best known for th..."
Scott Bradley
Filed under: people, 1930s, Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Tom and Jerry, U.S.A., Walt Disney Studios, Composer
"Scott Bradley was a film composer who wrote acclaimed music for many memorable cartoons during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. He is best known for his work at MGM, scoring the..."
Seymour Kneitel
Filed under: people, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, Baby Huey, Betty Boop, Betty Boop series, Bray Productions, Casper the Ghost, Color, Dave Fleischer, Herman and Katnip, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Isadore Sparber, Koko the Clown, Max Fleischer, Noveltoons, Paramount Pictures, Popeye, Sam Buchwald, Seymour Kneitel, Superman, U.S.A., Animation Supervisor, Animator, Director, Executive Producer, Studio Head
"Seymour Kneitel was an early American animator, most well known for his work with Fleischer Studios. After the studio closed, he headed its successor, Famous Studios."
Shiver Me Timbers!
Filed under: animation, 1930s, Inkwell / Fleischer Studios, Max Fleischer, Popeye, 1934
Producer(s): Fleischer Studios
Release Date: 27/07/1934
"Popeye, Olive, and Wimpy stumble across a ghost ship. They climb aboard, and it proceeds to scare them in various ways."